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Marine Biology
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- September 24, 2010
- 11:15 AM
- 2,332 views
What species of skate is for dinner? New research challenges elasmobranch fisheries policy
by WhySharksMatter in Southern Fried Science
I write a lot about shark conservation issues, but I rarely focus on their fellow elasmobranchs. Rays and skates have similar life history strategies as sharks, and many species are similarly overfished. A friend just sent me a cool paper about the conservation of skates, which provides an excellent opportunity to remedy this oversight.
A major issue [...]... Read more »
Iglésias, S., Toulhoat, L., & Sellos, D. (2010) Taxonomic confusion and market mislabelling of threatened skates: important consequences for their conservation status. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 20(3), 319-333. DOI: 10.1002/aqc.1083
- September 8, 2010
- 12:25 PM
- 1,568 views
Maximum (un)Sustainable Yield
by Bluegrass Blue Crab in Southern Fried Science
In 1954 and 1957 Gordon and Schaefer respectively described the idea of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) – that is, the amount of fish that could be taken by commercial fishing operations to maximize reproduction by the system year after year. Since then, it has been heralded as the mathematical panacea to fisheries management.
Gordon and Schaefer [...]... Read more »
Gordon, H. (1954) The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The Fishery. Journal of Political Economy, 62(2), 124. DOI: 10.1086/257497
- May 24, 2010
- 12:50 PM
- 1,539 views
Are sandbar sharks more like bowhead whales or cod?
by WhySharksMatter in Southern Fried Science
At first glance, the question posed in the title seems silly. Both cod and sandbar sharks are fish, therefore they must be more similar to each other than either are to bowhead whales (which are mammals). However, a recent conservation genetics paper has demonstrated that one aspect of a sandbar shark’s life history is more [...]... Read more »
Portnoy, D., McDowell, J., McCandless, C., Musick, J., & Graves, J. (2008) Effective size closely approximates the census size in the heavily exploited western Atlantic population of the sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus. Conservation Genetics, 10(6), 1697-1705. DOI: 10.1007/s10592-008-9771-2
- April 6, 2010
- 06:50 PM
- 1,457 views
Ecosystem Based Management: Managing for Everything or Nothing At All
by Bluegrass Blue Crab in Southern Fried Science
www.californiafires.com
Managing for stability just doesn’t work.
This epiphany has helped forge the development of ecosystem based management (EBM), theoretically a more holistic approach to natural resource management that is more in tune with natural processes. However, we still haven’t worked out the kinks so something good in theory often falls flat. A couple of recent [...]... Read more »
GRANEK, E., POLASKY, S., KAPPEL, C., REED, D., STOMS, D., KOCH, E., KENNEDY, C., CRAMER, L., HACKER, S., BARBIER, E.... (2010) Ecosystem Services as a Common Language for Coastal Ecosystem-Based Management. Conservation Biology, 24(1), 207-216. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01355.x
PETERSON, M., HALL, D., FELDPAUSCH-PARKER, A., & PETERSON, T. (2010) Obscuring Ecosystem Function with Application of the Ecosystem Services Concept. Conservation Biology, 24(1), 113-119. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01305.x
- February 15, 2011
- 03:08 PM
- 1,384 views
State of the Field: Satellite tagging sharks
by WhySharksMatter in Southern Fried Science
Modern shark researchers have access to a variety of high-tech tools. Acoustic tags with noises specific to each individual shark signal a receiver (or network of receivers) every time the shark passes nearby. Some tags have three-dimensional accelerometers, allowing researchers to study the small scale movement patterns and behaviors of sharks. Others, which [...]... Read more »
Bonfil, R. (2005) Transoceanic Migration, Spatial Dynamics, and Population Linkages of White Sharks. Science, 310(5745), 100-103. DOI: 10.1126/science.1114898
Hammerschlag, N., Gallagher, A., & Lazarre, D. (2011) A review of shark satellite tagging studies. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 398(1-2), 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.12.012
Papastamatiou, Y., Meyer, C., & Holland, K. (2008) A new acoustic pH transmitter for studying the feeding habits of free-ranging sharks. Aquatic Living Resources, 20(4), 287-290. DOI: 10.1051/alr:2008003
Skomal, G., Zeeman, S., Chisholm, J., Summers, E., Walsh, H., McMahon, K., & Thorrold, S. (2009) Transequatorial Migrations by Basking Sharks in the Western Atlantic Ocean. Current Biology, 19(12), 1019-1022. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.04.019
Whitney, N., Pratt, H., Pratt, T., & Carrier, J. (2010) Identifying shark mating behaviour using three-dimensional acceleration loggers. Endangered Species Research, 71-82. DOI: 10.3354/esr00247
- September 6, 2010
- 12:30 PM
- 1,366 views
Greenwashing – Is there really a sustainable Orange Roughy fishery?
by Southern Fried Scientist in Southern Fried Science
Wandering through the grocery store the other day, I noticed something strange in the fish bin. Now, in general I’m pretty conscious of where my fish comes from, how it was caught, whether the fishery as a whole or the specific population is sustainable. I pay attention to those details and I can usually tell [...]... Read more »
Clark, M. (2001) Are deepwater fisheries sustainable? — the example of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) in New Zealand. Fisheries Research, 51(2-3), 123-135. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-7836(01)00240-5
- May 4, 2010
- 07:00 AM
- 1,351 views
Social Science to the Rescue
by Bluegrass Blue Crab in Southern Fried Science
The cultural driver of shark killing - from topnews.in
Can social science save the sharks? A recent article in Progress in Oceanography by Peter Jacques seems to think so, calling for a “social oceanography”. In other circles, this could be known as the human dimensions of a marine ecosystem or the social side of [...]... Read more »
Jacques, P. (2010) The social oceanography of top oceanic predators and the decline of sharks: a call for a new field. Progress In Oceanography. DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.04.001
- September 7, 2010
- 11:00 AM
- 1,325 views
Chemistry of the Great Big Blue: Nutrients
by Bluegrass Blue Crab in Southern Fried Science
The Great Big Blue looks like it contains nothing but water and maybe a little salt, especially out in the open ocean. However, this kind of sparse environment is exactly where the chemistry matters the most – it’s a fine line between not enough, too much, and just right. Given this, there’s no distinct [...]... Read more »
HECKY, R., & KILHAM, P. (1988) Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in freshwater and marine environments: A review of recent evidence on the effects of enrichment. Limnology and Oceanography, 33(4_part_2), 796-822. DOI: 10.4319/lo.1988.33.4_part_2.0796
Howarth, R. (1988) Nutrient Limitation of Net Primary Production in Marine Ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 19(1), 89-110. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.000513
Behrenfeld, M., Bale, A., Kolber, Z., Aiken, J., & Falkowski, P. (1996) Confirmation of iron limitation of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature, 383(6600), 508-511. DOI: 10.1038/383508a0
Fanning, K. (1989) Influence of atmospheric pollution on nutrient limitation in the ocean. Nature, 339(6224), 460-463. DOI: 10.1038/339460a0
- May 22, 2010
- 02:19 PM
- 1,318 views
Does fast-forwarding through commercials hurt advertisers?
by WhySharksMatter in Southern Fried Science
A few weeks ago, my co-bloggers were doubtful that it is possible to watch 36 hours of television in a week. The main factor that makes television viewing on this scale possible for me is the DVR, which allows
me to tape two shows simultaneously. It also allows me to easily fast-forward through commercials, and because [...]... Read more »
DU PLESSIS, E. (2009) Digital Video Recorders and Inadvertent Advertising Exposure. Journal of Advertising Research, 49(2), 236. DOI: 10.2501/S0021849909090345
- March 14, 2010
- 11:45 PM
- 1,312 views
The Cove, Dolphins, and Mercury
by Bluegrass Blue Crab in Southern Fried Science
thanks to www.savebay.info
The Cove has recently collected a long list of awards including most notably an Oscar for best documentary. These well-deserved accolades reward the filmmakers for risky and groundbreaking filming in a highly protected cove in Japan where a dolphin fishery thrives, both to feed the aquarium trade and citizens wishing to enjoy [...]... Read more »
Akagi H, Grandjean P, Takizawa Y, & Weihe P. (1998) Methylmercury dose estimation from umbilical cord concentrations in patients with Minamata disease. Environmental research, 77(2), 98-103. PMID: 9600802
- July 24, 2010
- 11:57 AM
- 1,284 views
Adventures with Citizen Science: perspectives of a shark biologist
by WhySharksMatter in Southern Fried Science
Those of you who follow me on Twitter or are friends with me on facebook may have seen that last month, I asked for volunteers to come catch and tag sharks with me here in Charleston. While I was pleased by how excited respondents were for this opportunity, I would be remiss if I didn’t [...]... Read more »
Brossard, D., Lewenstein, B., & Bonney, R. (2005) Scientific knowledge and attitude change: The impact of a citizen science project. International Journal of Science Education, 27(9), 1099-1121. DOI: 10.1080/09500690500069483
Cochran, E., Lawrence, J., Christensen, C., & Jakka, R. (2009) The Quake-Catcher Network: Citizen Science Expanding Seismic Horizons. Seismological Research Letters, 80(1), 26-30. DOI: 10.1785/gssrl.80.1.26
Fischer, J. (1997) Mycoplasmal Conjunctivitis in Wild Songbirds: The Spread of a New Contagious Disease in a Mobile Host Population. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 3(1), 69-72. DOI: 10.3201/eid0301.970110
Pattengill-Semmens CV, Semmens BX, & Reef Environmental Education Foundation. (2003) Conservation and management applications of the REEF volunteer fish monitoring program. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 81(1-3), 43-50. PMID: 12620003
- August 9, 2010
- 02:59 PM
- 1,280 views
Shark Conservation: The problem, the goal, and how to get there
by WhySharksMatter in Southern Fried Science
The problem
Sharks consistently rank near the top of lists of American’s greatest fears. In reality, they have much more to fear from us than we do from them. Because of our actions, many species of sharks are on the verge of extinction. A recent International Union for the Conservation of Nature Shark Specialist Group report [...]... Read more »
Baum, J. (2003) Collapse and Conservation of Shark Populations in the Northwest Atlantic. Science, 299(5605), 389-392. DOI: 10.1126/science.1079777
Bonfil, R. (2005) Transoceanic Migration, Spatial Dynamics, and Population Linkages of White Sharks. Science, 310(5745), 100-103. DOI: 10.1126/science.1114898
Clarke, S., McAllister, M., Milner-Gulland, E., Kirkwood, G., Michielsens, C., Agnew, D., Pikitch, E., Nakano, H., & Shivji, M. (2006) Global estimates of shark catches using trade records from commercial markets. Ecology Letters, 9(10), 1115-1126. DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00968.x
Conrath, C., & Musick, J. (2007) The Sandbar Shark Summer Nursery within Bays and Lagoons of the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 136(4), 999-1007. DOI: 10.1577/T06-107.1
Cortés, E. (2000) Life History Patterns and Correlations in Sharks. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 8(4), 299-344. DOI: 10.1080/10408340308951115
Dulvy, N., Baum, J., Clarke, S., Compagno, L., Cortés, E., Domingo, A., Fordham, S., Fowler, S., Francis, M., Gibson, C.... (2008) You can swim but you can't hide: the global status and conservation of oceanic pelagic sharks and rays. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 18(5), 459-482. DOI: 10.1002/aqc.975
Musick, JA. (2000) Management of Sharks and their relatives (Elasmobranchii). Fisheries. info:/
Pikitch, E., Chapman, D., Babcock, E., & Shivji, M. (2005) Habitat use and demographic population structure of elasmobranchs at a Caribbean atoll (Glovers Reef, Belize). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 187-197. DOI: 10.3354/meps302187
Topelko, K., & Dearden, P. (2005) The Shark Watching Industry and its Potential Contribution to Shark Conservation. Journal of Ecotourism, 4(2), 108-128. DOI: 10.1080/14724040409480343
Walker, T. (1998) Can shark resources be harvested sustainably? A question revisited with a review of shark fisheries. Marine and Freshwater Research, 49(7), 553. DOI: 10.1071/MF98017
- June 24, 2010
- 09:30 AM
- 1,263 views
Ghosts in the Molecular Machine
by Southern Fried Scientist in Southern Fried Science
The extent of migration among populations drives population structure. With enough migration, populations become homogeneous and behave as a single larger population. As migration rates decrease, populations drift apart and become differentiated. By measuring the amount of differentiation, we can determine the extent of migration between them. But what happens when there are unsampled [...]... Read more »
Audzijonyte, A., & Vrijenhoek, R. (2010) WHEN GAPS REALLY ARE GAPS: STATISTICAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF HYDROTHERMAL VENT INVERTEBRATES. Evolution. DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.00987.x
Beerli, P. (2004) Effect of unsampled populations on the estimation of population sizes and migration rates between sampled populations. Molecular Ecology, 13(4), 827-836. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02101.x
SLATKIN, M. (2005) Seeing ghosts: the effect of unsampled populations on migration rates estimated for sampled populations. Molecular Ecology, 14(1), 67-73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02393.x
- October 27, 2010
- 12:08 PM
- 1,259 views
Chemistry of the Great Big Blue: Pharmaceuticals
by Bluegrass Blue Crab in Southern Fried Science
Caffeinated crabs, anti-depressed dolphins, and feminized fish, oh, my! Can you imagine what would happen if sea creatures had access to your medicine cabinet? Well, they do. Pharmaceuticals from humans make their way into the ecosystem either through excretion into urine or by people disposing of old medications down the toilet. The first of these sources [...]... Read more »
THOMAS, K. (2004) The occurrence of selected human pharmaceutical compounds in UK estuaries. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 49(5-6), 436-444. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.028
E. R. Peele, F. L. Singleton, J. W. Deming, B. Cavari and R. R. Colwell. (1981) Effects of Pharmaceutical Wastes on Microbial Populations in Surface Waters at the Puerto Rico Dump Site in the Atlantic Ocean . Applied Environmental Microbiology, 41(4). info:/
LEE, W., & ARNOLD, C. (1983) Chronic toxicity of ocean-dumped pharmaceutical wastes to the marine amphipod Amphithoe valida☆. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 14(4), 150-153. DOI: 10.1016/0025-326X(83)90070-X
Long, E., Macdonald, D., Smith, S., & Calder, F. (1995) Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments. Environmental Management, 19(1), 81-97. DOI: 10.1007/BF02472006
- September 8, 2010
- 04:00 PM
- 1,245 views
Our favorite sea monsters – The Giant Manta Special Edition
by Southern Fried Scientist in Southern Fried Science
Sea Monsters, mythical beasts of legend and lore that ply the world’s oceans, sinking ships, terrifying sailors, swallowing entire crews whole. Sea monsters occupy a special place in our imagination. The ocean is huge, unfathomable. Of course mighty beast could dwell within, undetected.
Every once in a long while, the myths, the legends, the stories, turn [...]... Read more »
ANDREA D. MARSHALL1, LEONARD J.V. COMPAGNO, & MICHAEL B. BENNETT1. (2009) Redescription of the genus Manta with resurrection of Manta alfredi (Krefft, 1868) (Chondrichthyes; Myliobatoidei; Mobulidae). Zootaxa. info:/
- February 8, 2011
- 12:30 PM
- 1,244 views
State of the Field: Is catch-and-release fishing harmful to sharks?
by WhySharksMatter in Southern Fried Science
In the wake of the new Marianas Islands shark conservation law, a debate has been raging on the shark listservs. The law wouldn’t have been possible without support from several local recreational fishermen- people who often take tourists catch-and-release fishing for sharks. “When I heard of your effort in Hawaii to ban the [...]... Read more »
Bansemer, C., & Bennett, M. (2010) Retained fishing gear and associated injuries in the east Australian grey nurse sharks ( ): implications for population recovery . Marine and Freshwater Research, 61(1), 97. DOI: 10.1071/MF08362
BRILL, R., BUSHNELL, P., SCHROFF, S., SEIFERT, R., & GALVIN, M. (2008) Effects of anaerobic exercise accompanying catch-and-release fishing on blood-oxygen affinity of the sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus, Nardo). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 354(1), 132-143. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2007.10.011
Borucinska, J., Kohler, N., Natanson, L., & Skomal, G. (2002) Pathology associated with retained fishing hooks in blue sharks, Prionace glauca (L.), with implications for their conservation. Journal of Fish Diseases, 25(9), 515-521. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00396.x
Donaldson, M., Arlinghaus, R., Hanson, K., & Cooke, S. (2008) Enhancing catch-and-release science with biotelemetry. Fish and Fisheries, 9(1), 79-105. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2007.00265.x
Frick, L., Reina, R., & Walker, T. (2010) Stress related physiological changes and post-release survival of Port Jackson sharks (Heterodontus portusjacksoni) and gummy sharks (Mustelus antarcticus) following gill-net and longline capture in captivity. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 385(1-2), 29-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.01.013
Gurshin, C., & Szedlmayer, S. (2004) Short-term survival and movements of Atlantic sharpnose sharks captured by hook-and-line in the north-east Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Fish Biology, 65(4), 973-986. DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00501.x
Hight, B., Holts, D., Graham, J., Kennedy, B., Taylor, V., Sepulveda, C., Bernal, D., Ramon, D., Rasmussen, R., & Lai, N. (2007) Plasma catecholamine levels as indicators of the post-release survivorship of juvenile pelagic sharks caught on experimental drift longlines in the Southern California Bight. Marine and Freshwater Research, 58(1), 145. DOI: 10.1071/MF05260
Morgan, A., & Carlson, J. (2010) Capture time, size and hooking mortality of bottom longline-caught sharks. Fisheries Research, 101(1-2), 32-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.09.004
Skomal, G., Lobel, P., & Marshall, G. (2007) The Use of Animal-Borne Imaging to Assess Post-Release Behavior as it Relates to Capture Stress in Grey Reef Sharks, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos. Marine Technology Society Journal, 41(4), 44-48. DOI: 10.4031/002533207787441999
- April 27, 2010
- 10:33 PM
- 1,239 views
Tournament marlins get bigger?
by Southern Fried Scientist in Southern Fried Science
This week’s ResearchBlogCast featured the paper “Decline in top predator body size and changing climate alter trophic structure in an oceanic ecosystem”, originally discussed at Fish Schooled (Prey populations explode as predators get smaller). In both the podcast and the blogpost, the authors argue that prey abundance booms despite predator biomass remaining constant [...]... Read more »
Shackell, N., Frank, K., Fisher, J., Petrie, B., & Leggett, W. (2009) Decline in top predator body size and changing climate alter trophic structure in an oceanic ecosystem. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277(1686), 1353-1360. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1020
Jorgensen, C., Enberg, K., Dunlop, E., Arlinghaus, R., Boukal, D., Brander, K., Ernande, B., Gardmark, A., Johnston, F., Matsumura, S.... (2007) Ecology: Managing Evolving Fish Stocks. Science, 318(5854), 1247-1248. DOI: 10.1126/science.1148089
McCLENACHAN, L. (2009) Documenting Loss of Large Trophy Fish from the Florida Keys with Historical Photographs. Conservation Biology, 23(3), 636-643. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01152.x
- September 21, 2010
- 12:45 PM
- 1,230 views
Chemistry of the Great Big Blue: Sedimentation
by Bluegrass Blue Crab in Southern Fried Science
Sedimentation in the Chesapeake - look at the brown toward the headwaters. Found at nasa.gov
Rocks erode, travel down rivers and eventually in the form of small particles, settle in river deltas and estuaries. Even smaller pieces can be carried hundreds of miles into the ocean. It’s all part of the natural process of sedimentation, but [...]... Read more »
Short, F., & Wyllie-Echeverria, S. (2009) Natural and human-induced disturbance of seagrasses. Environmental Conservation, 23(01), 17. DOI: 10.1017/S0376892900038212
Toshihiro Onitsukaa, Tomohiko Kawamura, Satoshi Ohashic, Shunsuke Iwanaga, Toyomitsu Horiia and Yoshiro Watanabe. (2008) Effects of sediments on larval settlement of abalone Haliotis diversicolor. JEMBE, 365(1). info:/doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2008.07.042
Houjie Wang, Zuosheng Yang, Yoshiki Saitoc, J. Paul Liud, Xiaoxia Suna, and Yan Wanga. (2007) Stepwise decreases of the Huanghe (Yellow River) sediment load (1950–2005): Impacts of climate change and human activities . Global and Planetary Change, 57(3-4). info:/doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.01.003
- October 12, 2010
- 02:07 PM
- 1,224 views
Altered sea turtle sex ratios: Can global warming harm warm-water animals?
by WhySharksMatter in Southern Fried Science
When most people think of an animal threatened by global warming, images of a polar bear drowning because of lost ice habitat come to mind. Few know that climate change can also threaten animals used to living in environments much warmer than the Arctic. Even when you’re used to heat, too much heat can be a [...]... Read more »
Hanson, J., Wibbels, T., & Martin, R. (1998) Predicted female bias in sex ratios of hatchling loggerhead sea turtles from a Florida nesting beach. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76(10), 1850-1861. DOI: 10.1139/cjz-76-10-1850
James, M., Andrea Ottensmeyer, C., & Myers, R. (2005) Identification of high-use habitat and threats to leatherback sea turtles in northern waters: new directions for conservation. Ecology Letters, 8(2), 195-201. DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00710.x
Lewison, R., Freeman, S., & Crowder, L. (2004) Quantifying the effects of fisheries on threatened species: the impact of pelagic longlines on loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles. Ecology Letters, 7(3), 221-231. DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00573.x
Standora, E., & Spotila, J. (1985) Temperature Dependent Sex Determination in Sea Turtles. Copeia, 1985(3), 711. DOI: 10.2307/1444765
- October 21, 2010
- 08:00 AM
- 1,223 views
Wait, stop – we have an Avatar tree too!
by Bluegrass Blue Crab in Southern Fried Science
Remember how that Na'avi needed their tree of souls? Well, it might not be as obvious to us, but we depend on our forests too.
Dependence on natural resources is often relegated to a characteristic of the rural poor, a reason for development aid to swoop in and provide other economic opportunities. However, a recent article [...]... Read more »
Guo, Z., Zhang, L., & Li, Y. (2010) Increased Dependence of Humans on Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity. PLoS ONE, 5(10). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013113
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