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Cephalove
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- June 13, 2011
- 07:12 AM
- 224 views
To see or not to see – Image processing (or not) in the cephalopod retina.
Cephalopods use their vision a lot; it’s a big part of how they orient themselves in the water, hunt, and recognize predators and each other. It makes sense, then, that they have particularly well-developed eyes. In fact, they are the only invertebrates to have camera eyes. Camera eyes are eyes that focus an image on [...]... Read more »
MacNichol, E., & Love, W. (1960) Electrical Responses of the Retinal Nerve and Optic Ganglion of the Squid. Science, 132(3429), 737-738. DOI: 10.1126/science.132.3429.737
Young, J. (1962) The Retina of Cephalopods and Its Degeneration After Optic Nerve Section. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 245(718), 1-18. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1962.0004
Young, J. (1962) The Optic Lobes of Octopus vulgaris. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 245(718), 19-58. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1962.0005
- April 25, 2011
- 11:32 AM
- 191 views
“I Know My Neighbour: Individual Recognition in Octopus vulgaris”
Most species of shallow water octopuses appear to be pretty solitary animals. They live in dens and venture out from them to hunt or find mates; defending these dens and getting busy are the only social interaction that many species of octopuses are observed to have in the wild. I like to think of them [...]... Read more »
Elena Tricarico, Luciana Borrelli, Francesca Gherardi, Graziano Fiorito. (2011) I Know My Neighbour: Individual Recognition in Octopus vulgaris. PLOS One. info:/10.1371/journal.pone.0018710
- April 25, 2011
- 11:32 AM
- 196 views
“I Know My Neighbour: Individual Recognition in Octopus vulgaris”
Most species of shallow water octopuses appear to be pretty solitary animals. They live in dens and venture out from them to hunt or find mates; defending these dens and getting busy are the only social interaction that many species of octopuses are observed to have in the wild. I like to think of them [...]... Read more »
Elena Tricarico, Luciana Borrelli, Francesca Gherardi, Graziano Fiorito. (2011) I Know My Neighbour: Individual Recognition in Octopus vulgaris. PLOS One. info:/10.1371/journal.pone.0018710
- April 11, 2011
- 11:44 AM
- 498 views
The octopus, the maze, and why it matters: behavioral flexibility and sensory-motor integration
Shallow-water octopuses are generalist predators – this means that they can eat a variety of other animals – and good ones too. They have a few different hunting strategies, with the commonest ones involving the octopus groping along the reef, feeling for food with its arms (although octopuses have been reported to hunt by ambushing [...]... Read more »
Zullo, L., Sumbre, G., Agnisola, C., Flash, T., & Hochner, B. (2009) Nonsomatotopic Organization of the Higher Motor Centers in Octopus. Current Biology, 19(19), 1632-1636. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.067
Gutnick T, Byrne RA, Hochner B, & Kuba M. (2011) Octopus vulgaris Uses Visual Information to Determine the Location of Its Arm. Current biology : CB, 21(6), 460-2. PMID: 21396818
- March 13, 2011
- 10:45 AM
- 538 views
Moving on up – Vertical migrations of Nautilus
If you like nature documentaries, you’ve probably seen the following clip (from the BBC’s “Planet Earth“): Nautiluses are really cool – they’re misfits among cephalopods, having many tentacles and external shells while their fellow squids and octopodes are squishy and eight- or ten-armed. In this clip, at least, they come across as sort of mysterious, [...]... Read more »
BRUCE A. CARLSON, JAMES N. McKIBBEN, AND MICHAEL V. DEGRuy. (1984) Telemetric Investigation of Vertical Migration of Nautilus belauensis in Palau. Pacific Science. info:/
Dunstan AJ, Ward PD, & Marshall NJ. (2011) Vertical Distribution and Migration Patterns of Nautilus pompilius. PloS one, 6(2). PMID: 21364981
- February 19, 2011
- 06:33 PM
- 662 views
What do you see when you look into a squid’s eye?
If the squid had her way, nothing! Cephalopods are good at camouflage – their color and texture-changing skin is one of their claims to fame. This is all well and good for species of animals who live on or near the ocean floor, where there are things to blend in with – in the open [...]... Read more »
Holt AL, Sweeney AM, Johnsen S, & Morse DE. (2011) A highly distributed Bragg stack with unique geometry provides effective camouflage for Loliginid squid eyes. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface / the Royal Society. PMID: 21325315
- February 12, 2011
- 05:08 PM
- 418 views
Fightin’ mad: a story of squid, sex, and proteins
A story about squid has been making the rounds in news sources and blogs this weekend. Just two days ago, a paper came out showing that male squid (loligo peleii) react with extreme agression to a certain protein found on the surface of squid eggs. The paper was written by a group of researchers (including [...]... Read more »
Scott F. Cummins, Jean G. Boal, Kendra C. Buresch,, Chitraporn Kuanpradit, Prasert Sobhon,, Johanna B. Holm, Bernard M. Degnan, Gregg T. Nagle,, & and Roger T. Hanlon. (2011) Extreme Aggression in Male Squid Induced by a b-MSP-like Pheromone. Current Biology. info:/10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.038
Anahí Franchi N, Avendaño C, Molina RI, Tissera AD, Maldonado CA, Oehninger S, & Coronel CE. (2008) beta-Microseminoprotein in human spermatozoa and its potential role in male fertility. Reproduction (Cambridge, England), 136(2), 157-66. PMID: 18469041
- December 31, 2010
- 02:47 PM
- 601 views
The Ink Post – Ink as a conspecific alarm cue in squid
Cephalopods have a lot to offer – tentacles, beaks, and big scary (and perhaps cute) eyeballs. Today, though, let’s look at a part of the cephalopod body that doesn’t get paid so much attention to, especially by us neurobiologist types: the ink. Most coleoid cephalopods (that is, all the living cephalopods excluding nautiluses and a [...]... Read more »
W. F. Gilly and Mary T. Lucero. (1992) Behavioral Responses to Chemical Stimulation of the Olfactory Organ of the Squid, Loligo opalescens. Journal of Experimental Biology. info:/
WOOD, J., PENNOYER, K., & DERBY, C. (2008) Ink is a conspecific alarm cue in the Caribbean reef squid, Sepioteuthis sepioidea. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 367(1), 11-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2008.08.004
Lucero, M., Farrington, H., & Gilly, W. (1994) Quantification of l-Dopa and Dopamine in Squid Ink: Implications for Chemoreception. Biological Bulletin, 187(1), 55. DOI: 10.2307/1542165
- November 23, 2010
- 01:19 PM
- 415 views
A new squid and an old octopod
I always sneer when species are described as “new”. Obviously, few species are anything like “new” – really we mean “newly discovered by science.” Anyways, the big news is that a previously undescribed species of squid was discovered by an IUCN-affiliated scientist from a sample taken in the southern Indian Ocean. A formal description is [...]... Read more »
NORMAN, M. (2004) THE SHARKCLUB OCTOPUS, GALEOCTOPUS LATERALIS, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF DEEP-WATER OCTOPUS FROM THE WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN (CEPHALOPODA: OCTOPODIDAE). Journal Molluscan Studies, 70(3), 247-256. DOI: 10.1093/mollus/70.3.247
- November 10, 2010
- 01:34 PM
- 514 views
V. fisheri and the squid that love them
To recap the last post on the Euprymna/Vibrio symbiosis: Euprymna scopoles (also known as the Bobtail squid) is a tiny species of squid that has two light organs in the underside of its mantle. Vibrio fischeri is a species of bacteria, of which some varieties can live inside of the bobtail squid’s light organs. These [...]... Read more »
Nyholm, S., & McFall-Ngai, M. (2003) Dominance of Vibrio fischeri in Secreted Mucus outside the Light Organ of Euprymna scolopes: the First Site of Symbiont Specificity. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(7), 3932-3937. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.7.3932-3937.2003
- November 1, 2010
- 03:01 PM
- 524 views
Enrichment in Captive Cephalopods
To get things started, here’s a video of an octopus with a Mr. Potato Head Toy (and other things): You’ll see why this is relevant in a minute. Now on to the post! “Enrichment” is a psychological term that’s been thrown around a lot. It’s become a buzzword in publications about education, perhaps rightly so [...]... Read more »
Anderson, R., & Wood, J. (2001) Enrichment for Giant Pacific Octopuses: Happy as a Clam?. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 4(2), 157-168. DOI: 10.1207/S15327604JAWS0402_10
van Praag H, Kempermann G, & Gage FH. (2000) Neural consequences of environmental enrichment. Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 1(3), 191-8. PMID: 11257907
- October 5, 2010
- 02:48 PM
- 526 views
Bobtail squid and their microscopic friends
I’ve recently gotten into microbiology (I got a book on protozoans, and I’m hooked,) so I decided to try to find something microbiological to write about. Lo and behold, after a few Pubmed searches, I came upon some papers about an bioluminescent bacteria called Vibrio fischeri. Of course, not just any bacteria would do for [...]... Read more »
McFall-Ngai, M., & Montgomery, M. (1990) The Anatomy and Morphology of the Adult Bacterial Light Organ of Euprymna scolopes Berry (Cephalopoda:Sepiolidae). Biological Bulletin, 179(3), 332. DOI: 10.2307/1542325
Jones, B., & Nishiguchi, M. (2004) Counterillumination in the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes Berry (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). Marine Biology, 144(6), 1151-1155. DOI: 10.1007/s00227-003-1285-3
- September 22, 2010
- 12:46 PM
- 522 views
Squid visual ecology redux – Put on your PJs!
Cephalopods are great subjects for studies on vision, because they are so dependent on their vision that you can get robust behavioral effects by manipulating the visual environment of a test animal. In some new research in the October edition of the Journal of Experimental Biology, CM Talbot and J Marshall (from Queensland) investigate the [...]... Read more »
Talbot CM, & Marshall J. (2010) Polarization sensitivity and retinal topography of the striped pyjama squid (Sepioloidea lineolata - Quoy/Gaimard 1832). The Journal of experimental biology, 213(Pt 19), 3371-7. PMID: 20833931
Talbot CM, & Marshall J. (2010) Polarization sensitivity in two species of cuttlefish - Sepia plangon (Gray 1849) and Sepia mestus (Gray 1849) - demonstrated with polarized optomotor stimuli. The Journal of experimental biology, 213(Pt 19), 3364-70. PMID: 20833930
- September 12, 2010
- 08:15 PM
- 475 views
Cuttlefish Body Patterning
Everybody likes cuttlefish, it seems. They’re neat-looking, sociable, and display lots of entertaining behavior. I think it’s about time, then, to start talking about what cuttlefish do best: change color! I’ll start at what is, as far as I can tell, the beginning. In 1988, Roger Hanlon and John Messenger published a paper called “Adaptive [...]... Read more »
Hanlon, R., & Messenger, J. (1988) Adaptive Coloration in Young Cuttlefish (Sepia Officinalis L.): The Morphology and Development of Body Patterns and Their Relation to Behaviour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 320(1200), 437-487. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1988.0087
- August 30, 2010
- 06:03 AM
- 532 views
Cephalopod Consciousness Part 3: The Case for Cephalopod Consciousness
Here it is, finally: the post you’ve been waiting for. Having already convinced you that you should care about the possibility of consciousness in cephalopods in Part 1 and having briefly outlined the state of research on consciousness in non-human animals in Part 2, I’ll get right down to it and discuss the possibility of [...]... Read more »
MATHER, J. (2008) Cephalopod consciousness: Behavioural evidence. Consciousness and Cognition, 17(1), 37-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2006.11.006
Edelman, D., & Seth, A. (2009) Animal consciousness: a synthetic approach. Trends in Neurosciences, 32(9), 476-484. DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2009.05.008
Young, J. (1991) Computation in the Learning System of Cephalopods. Biological Bulletin, 180(2), 200. DOI: 10.2307/1542389
Finn, J., Tregenza, T., & Norman, M. (2009) Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus. Current Biology, 19(23). DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.10.052
- August 25, 2010
- 01:12 AM
- 574 views
Cephalopod Consciousness Part 2: The Case for Animal Consciousness
In this second post of the series “Cephalopod Consciousness”, I’ll talk about the methods that scientists have used to attempt to study consciousness in animals. For perhaps the first time in the history of this blog, I’ll write about science without making any specific reference to cephalopods – I’m saving that for part 3. Here [...]... Read more »
BAARS, B. (2005) Subjective experience is probably not limited to humans: The evidence from neurobiology and behavior. Consciousness and Cognition, 14(1), 7-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2004.11.002
Edelman, D., & Seth, A. (2009) Animal consciousness: a synthetic approach. Trends in Neurosciences, 32(9), 476-484. DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2009.05.008
PANKSEPP, J. (2005) Affective consciousness: Core emotional feelings in animals and humans. Consciousness and Cognition, 14(1), 30-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2004.10.004
Plotnik JM, de Waal FB, & Reiss D. (2006) Self-recognition in an Asian elephant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(45), 17053-7. PMID: 17075063
Cowey, A., & Stoerig, P. (1995) Blindsight in monkeys. Nature, 373(6511), 247-249. DOI: 10.1038/373247a0
- August 16, 2010
- 12:50 PM
- 652 views
Octopusomics
Let’s take a minute to talk about connectomics. No, not genomics. No, not metabolomics. Not any of the other -omics, but connectomics. It’s a new-ish field that the computational neuroscience geek in all of us can love. By way of introduction, the “connectome” is the “network of elements and connections forming the human brain” (according [...]... Read more »
Sporns, O., Tononi, G., & Kötter, R. (2005) The Human Connectome: A Structural Description of the Human Brain. PLoS Computational Biology, 1(4). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0010042
Yoonsuck Choe, Louise C Abbott, Giovanna Ponte, John Keyser, Jaerock Kwon, David Mayerich, Daniel Miller, Donghyeop Han, Anna Maria Grimaldi, Graziano Fiorito.... (2010) Charting out the octopus connectome at submicron resolution using the knife-edge scanning microscope. BMC Neuroscience, 11(Supplement 1), 136-137. info:/10.1186/1471-2202-11-S1-P136
MAYERICH, D., ABBOTT, L., & McCORMICK, B. (2008) Knife-edge scanning microscopy for imaging and reconstruction of three-dimensional anatomical structures of the mouse brain. Journal of Microscopy, 231(1), 134-143. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.02024.x
White, J., Southgate, E., Thomson, J., & Brenner, S. (1986) The Structure of the Nervous System of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 314(1165), 1-340. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1986.0056
MORI, S., & ZHANG, J. (2006) Principles of Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Its Applications to Basic Neuroscience Research. Neuron, 51(5), 527-539. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.08.012
- August 12, 2010
- 01:36 AM
- 531 views
The heart of an octopus is a fickle thing…
Cephalopods have quite a neat circulatory system (file that away under “dorkiest things to say at a party”.) I’m not joking, though; they do! They have a closed circulatory system, meaning that their blood is contained within blood vessels, instead of just filling their body cavity. All other molluscs have an open circulatory system, where [...]... Read more »
W.R.A. Muntz, & U. Raj. (1984) On the visual system of Nautilus Pompilus. Journal of Experimental Biology, 253-263. info:/
- August 10, 2010
- 08:56 AM
- 548 views
What does a Nautilus see?
... Read more »
W.R.A. Muntz, & U. Raj. (1984) On the visual system of Nautilus Pompilus. Journal of Experimental Biology, 253-263. info:/
- August 5, 2010
- 12:35 PM
- 690 views
Memory, observation, and consciousness in Octopus Vulgaris
A while back, I wrote a post about short and long term memory processes in cephalopods. I wrote then that there is good evidence for a dissociation of short and long term memory process in cephalopods, but that this isn't a good basis (alone) for inferring the presence of consciousness, or in the case of arguments about animal's rights, the capacity to suffer (which, I guess, usually comes along with being conscious.) I stand by ........ Read more »
Fiorito G, & Chichery R. (1995) Lesions of the vertical lobe impair visual discrimination learning by observation in Octopus vulgaris. Neuroscience letters, 192(2), 117-20. PMID: 7675317
Fiorito, G., & Scotto, P. (1992) Observational Learning in Octopus vulgaris. Science, 256(5056), 545-547. DOI: 10.1126/science.256.5056.545
SANDERS, G. (1970) Long-term memory of a tactile discrimination in Octopus vulgaris and the effect of vertical lobe removal. Brain Research, 20(1), 59-73. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(70)90154-X
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