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Careers - in Theory
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- May 4, 2012
- 06:39 AM
- 95 views
Five employability mindsets
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
As I have just started teaching on the Chartered Management Institute Level 5 Diploma at the University of London, I thought it would be sensible to continue my recent activity of applying management theories and models to the world of careers coaching. Most of the early conversations about employability and career management tended to focus [...]... Read more »
Gosling J, & Mintzberg H. (2003) The five minds of a manager. Harvard business review, 81(11), 54. PMID: 14619151
- March 27, 2012
- 10:21 AM
- 49 views
Do companies have personalities?
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
When clients talk about the kind of organisations they would like to work for, what words do they use? Creative? Friendly? Responsible? Supportive? Generous? Blue-chip? Successful? Dynamic? Well-known? Stable? The list could go on and on. However, according to one group of researchers, when we evaluate an organisation we tend to use four main dimensions [...]... Read more »
Otto, P., Chater, N., & Stott, H. (2011) The psychological representation of corporate ‘personality’. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25(4), 605-614. DOI: 10.1002/acp.1729
- March 14, 2012
- 07:08 AM
- 92 views
Losing the plot
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
A couple of weeks ago I ran a workshop for wonderful bunch of university careers advisers in Dublin. I’m still not sure that we settled on a title for the workshop but the basic idea was to apply new and interesting models and theories to give a fresh perspective on careers guidance practice. I think [...]... Read more »
Pryor, R., & Bright, J. (2008) Archetypal narratives in career counselling: a chaos theory application. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 8(2), 71-82. DOI: 10.1007/s10775-008-9138-8
- February 21, 2012
- 06:50 AM
- 254 views
Analysing your stakeholders
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
Here is another bit of management theory that could be usefully applied to careers work… Many career theories address the influence of other people on an individual’s career choice. For example, Community Interaction theory looks at the mechanisms by which peers, parents, ethnic groups, etc., influence individual career decisions. Clients often have to take into [...]... Read more »
Mitchell, R., Agle, B., & Wood, D. (1997) Toward a Theory of Stakeholder Identification and Salience: Defining the Principle of Who and What Really Counts. The Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853-886. DOI: 10.2307/259247
- February 2, 2012
- 06:54 AM
- 159 views
What’s your strategy?
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
At the end of last year I taught a Chartered Management Institute Level 3 Leadership and Management course. It was great fun as it allowed me to play with various leadership and management theories and apply them to practical situations. During the course, we touched on strategic planning and I came across an interesting model/theory [...]... Read more »
Chaffee, E. (1985) Three Models of Strategy. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 89. DOI: 10.2307/258215
- January 5, 2012
- 11:23 AM
- 417 views
New year, new identity?
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
It’s a new year — the end of one chapter and the beginning of another — a time to change. The more dramatic the change, the more likely it is to lead to a transformation of your identity. Some changes involve integrating into new environments, building new relationships and developing new behaviours. You may have [...]... Read more »
Ibarra, H., & Barbulescu, R. (2010) Identity as narrative: Prevalence, effectiveness, and consequences of narrative identity work in macro work role transitions. Academy of Management Review, 35(1), 135-154. DOI: 10.5465/AMR.2010.45577925
- December 8, 2011
- 06:02 AM
- 465 views
The complexity of self-esteem
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
Self-esteem can play an important part in career success. This has been on my mind quite a bit in recent weeks. I have been doing a lot of work with people involved in organisational restructuring. Even when they are not facing redundancy, they are often having to deal with the prospect of applying for roles [...]... Read more »
Kim, Y., & Chiu, C. (2011) Emotional costs of inaccurate self-assessments: Both self-effacement and self-enhancement can lead to dejection. Emotion, 11(5), 1096-1104. DOI: 10.1037/a0025478
Kim, Y., Chiu, C., & Zou, Z. (2010) Know thyself: Misperceptions of actual performance undermine achievement motivation, future performance, and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(3), 395-409. DOI: 10.1037/a0020555
Koole, S., Govorun, O., Cheng, C., & Gallucci, M. (2009) Pulling yourself together: Meditation promotes congruence between implicit and explicit self-esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(6), 1220-1226. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.05.018
Schröder-Abé, M., Rudolph, A., & Schütz, A. (2007) High implicit self-esteem is not necessarily advantageous: discrepancies between explicit and implicit self-esteem and their relationship with anger expression and psychological health. European Journal of Personality, 21(3), 319-339. DOI: 10.1002/per.626
Tice, D., & Baumeister, R. (1990) Self-Esteem, Self-Handicapping, and Self-Presentation: The Strategy of Inadequate Practice. Journal of Personality, 58(2), 443-464. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00237.x
- November 24, 2011
- 12:45 PM
- 459 views
How stable are work values?
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
How much do your work values change over time? Are there times when your work values change more than others? How much are your work values influenced by what is happening around you? Do you adjust your values according to what is available to you? Do some generations have more stable work values than others? [...]... Read more »
Jin, J., & Rounds, J. (2011) Stability and change in work values: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of Vocational Behavior. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2011.10.007
- October 12, 2011
- 09:59 AM
- 449 views
Overcoming the self-fulfilling prophecy of social rejection
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
Way back in 2009 I wrote about the social rejection self-fulfilling prophecy. This relates to the unfortunate fact that if you are expecting someone you meet for the first time not to like you, you tend to behave more distantly towards them, which increases the chances that they won’t like you. The reverse is also [...]... Read more »
Stinson, D., Logel, C., Shepherd, S., & Zanna, M. (2011) Rewriting the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy of Social Rejection: Self-Affirmation Improves Relational Security and Social Behavior up to 2 Months Later. Psychological Science, 22(9), 1145-1149. DOI: 10.1177/0956797611417725
- October 6, 2011
- 06:42 AM
- 499 views
How many needs?
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
According to Maslow we have five (or is it eight?). However, many other people have thought about what human beings need to be happy and fulfilled, what we strive for and what motivates us, they have come up with some different numbers. ERG Theory (3 needs) Clayton Alderfer (1969) set about rearranging Maslow’s needs. Rather [...]... Read more »
Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2000) The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. DOI: 10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Rouse, K. (2004) Beyond Maslow's hierarchy of needs what do people strive for?. Performance Improvement, 43(10), 27-31. DOI: 10.1002/pfi.4140431008
- September 27, 2011
- 06:32 AM
- 560 views
Approach or avoidance matching
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
A few weeks ago I wrote about regulatory focus theory (approach and avoidance motivations) and its possible impact on your career satisfaction. To summarise quickly: approach or promotion focus is about trying to achieve positive outcomes, whereas avoidance or prevention focus is about trying to preclude negative outcomes. Different types of goals and situations can [...]... Read more »
Righetti, F., Finkenauer, C., & Rusbult, C. (2011) The benefits of interpersonal regulatory fit for individual goal pursuit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(4), 720-736. DOI: 10.1037/a0023592
- September 13, 2011
- 07:40 AM
- 751 views
Is your work meaningful?
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
Rachel Mulvey’s post last week on the existential nature of continuing professional development has turned my thoughts once again to the concept of meaningfulness. Partly inspired by Rachel’s idea, I have been writing an article for the Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling on the use of narrative techniques in reflective [...]... Read more »
Joske, W. (1974) Philosophy and the meaning of life. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 52(2), 93-104. DOI: 10.1080/00048407412341101
- September 1, 2011
- 05:57 AM
- 1,605 views
What we should be teaching in interview training
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
Every now and again during interview coaching, I will stop and ask the client, “What do you think I’m looking for with that question?”. Having read an article by some organisational psychologists at the University of Zurich (Kleinmann et al., 2011), I’m going to ask that question a lot more. In various studies these researchers [...]... Read more »
Kleinmann, M., Ingold, P., Lievens, F., Jansen, A., Melchers, K., & Konig, C. (2011) A different look at why selection procedures work: The role of candidates' ability to identify criteria. Organizational Psychology Review, 1(2), 128-146. DOI: 10.1177/2041386610387000
- August 17, 2011
- 06:04 AM
- 462 views
Universal needs?
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
What are the fundamental human needs? What things, if we get them, will make us happy human beings? Are there such things as universal human needs, that everyone in every society would identify with, or does it depend on your personality and cultural background? In an earlier post on Maslow’s classic hierarchy of needs, I mentioned [...]... Read more »
Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011) Needs and subjective well-being around the world. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 354-365. DOI: 10.1037/a0023779
- August 11, 2011
- 05:30 AM
- 521 views
Towards or away from?
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
Think about a recent job change that you made by your own initiative (rather than by force of circumstance, such as redundancy). Why did you change? Had you got so fed up with your previous job that you had to move to preserve your sanity? Or were you tempted away by the opportunities on offer [...]... Read more »
Gorman, C., Meriac, J., Overstreet, B., Apodaca, S., McIntyre, A., Park, P., & Godbey, J. (2011) A Meta-Analysis of the Regulatory Focus Nomological Network: Work-Related Antecedents and Consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2011.07.005
Higgins ET. (1997) Beyond pleasure and pain. The American psychologist, 52(12), 1280-300. PMID: 9414606
Bauer, J., McAdams, D., & Sakaeda, A. (2005) Crystallization of Desire and Crystallization of Discontent in Narratives of Life-Changing Decisions. Journal of Personality, 73(5), 1181-1214. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00346.x
Vilhjálmsdóttir, G., & Tulinius, T. (2009) Tales of two subjects: Narratives of career counseling. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3), 267-274. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2009.06.008
- August 2, 2011
- 01:22 PM
- 493 views
A matter of perspective
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
Over on Careers Debate we are having an interesting discussion about narrative approaches to career coaching/counselling. Coincidentally, I’ve just finished reading a fascinating book which looks at how we reconstruct our memories and perceptions in order to keep them consistent with our self image. In Mistakes Were Made (but not by me), Carol Tavris and Elliot [...]... Read more »
Libby, L., & Eibach, R. (2002) Looking back in time: Self-concept change affects visual perspective in autobiographical memory. Journal of Personality , 82(2), 167-179. DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.82.2.167
Libby, L., Eibach, R., & Gilovich, T. (2005) Here's Looking at Me: The Effect of Memory Perspective on Assessments of Personal Change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 50-62. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.50
Libby, L., Shaeffer, E., & Eibach, R. (2009) Seeing meaning in action: A bidirectional link between visual perspective and action identification level. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 138(4), 503-516. DOI: 10.1037/a0016795
Greta Valenti, Lisa K. Libby, & Richard P. Eibach. (2011) Looking back with regret: Visual perspective in memory images differentially affects regret for actions and inactions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(4), 730-737. info:/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.02.008
- July 6, 2011
- 06:35 AM
- 845 views
Cultural or universal
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
In The East and West of Careers Guidance, my colleague Saiyada talked about the Jiva project promoting career development counselling in India. A recent paper by G. Arulmani (2011) expands on some of the cultural concepts that underlie this approach to careers work. I have my reservations about the research presented in the paper which [...]... Read more »
Arulmani, G. (2011) Striking the right note: the cultural preparedness approach to developing resonant career guidance programmes. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 11(2), 79-93. info:/10.1007/s10775-011-9199-y
- June 23, 2011
- 10:54 AM
- 901 views
Intentional change
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
How does change happen? What motivates change? What makes a change sustainable? Richard Boyatzis, Professor of Organizational Behavior at Case Western Reserve University, has the answers… or maybe an answer: Intentional Change Theory. Professor Boyatzis has earned a mention on this blog previously for a natty little theory he developed with David Kolb (of learning [...]... Read more »
Boyatzis, R. (2006) An overview of intentional change from a complexity perspective. Journal of Management Development, 25(7), 607-623. DOI: 10.1108/02621710610678445
Boyatzis, R., & Akrivou, K. (2006) The ideal self as the driver of intentional change. Journal of Management Development, 25(7), 624-642. DOI: 10.1108/02621710610678454
Taylor, S. (2006) Why the real self is fundamental to intentional change. Journal of Management Development, 25(7), 643-656. DOI: 10.1108/02621710610678463
- June 13, 2011
- 06:45 AM
- 561 views
In the moment. When is mindfulness most useful?
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
Mindfulness is a cultivated state of mind in which you pay attention to the present moment. The modern usage of mindfulness is based on, but differs from, the Buddhist concept of sati (awareness). It is often linked to the practice of meditation but is now being investigated in relation to a number of different areas. [...]... Read more »
Dane, E. (2010) Paying Attention to Mindfulness and Its Effects on Task Performance in the Workplace. Journal of Management, 37(4), 997-1018. DOI: 10.1177/0149206310367948
- May 25, 2011
- 06:20 AM
- 932 views
Positive Aspirations
by David Winter in Careers - in Theory
I would like to thank Vinny Potter from Queen Mary, University of London for contributing this post — David I work in two distinct careers settings. One is with high-achieving students at the University of London and the other is with clients who often have few qualifications (if any) at a small job club where [...]... Read more »
Rothon, C., Arephin, M., Klineberg, E., Cattell, V., & Stansfeld, S. (2010) Structural and socio-psychological influences on adolescents’ educational aspirations and subsequent academic achievement. Social Psychology of Education, 14(2), 209-231. DOI: 10.1007/s11218-010-9140-0
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