59 posts · 36,883 views
Musings on the intersection of science, medicine, and culture
PalMD
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- November 22, 2010
- 04:26 PM
- 1,226 views
Omega-3′s and heart disease: where’s the evidence?
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
Omega-3 fatty acids (more properly called “n-3 fatty acids”) are a group of naturally occurring fat molecules. They are found mainly in fish and other marine-derived oils, but some can also be extracted from plants. Omega-3′s are currently very popular, but the evidence for their usefulness isn’t so clear. A recent study failed to [...]... Read more »
Kromhout, D., Giltay, E., & Geleijnse, J. (2010) n–3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Events after Myocardial Infarction. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(21), 2015-2026. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1003603
- February 17, 2011
- 06:26 PM
- 1,083 views
Blood coming out the wazoo
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
The ICU can be a terrifying place for an intern. Of course, the patients are probably a bit more frightened, but then, many of them are unconscious. Rounds are endless in the ICU; new admissions, work rounds, teaching rounds, evaluations for transfer, afternoon rounds, lasix rounds (don’t ask), all punctuated by CPR codes on the [...]... Read more »
CAVE, D. (2005) Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding: The Role of the Tagged Red Blood Cell Scan, Enteroscopy, and Capsule Endoscopy. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 3(10), 959-963. DOI: 10.1016/S1542-3565(05)00716-0
PENNAZIO, M. (2004) Outcome of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after capsule endoscopy: Report of 100 consecutive cases. Gastroenterology, 126(3), 643-653. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2003.11.057
- November 24, 2009
- 02:45 PM
- 1,068 views
Cannabis and cancer cachexia
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
One of the most frightening symptoms of advanced cancer is "cachexia", or severe, unintentional weight-loss and wasting. It's a terrible prognostic sign, and the only truly effective treatment is removal of the cancer. Treatment of this syndrome has the potential to improve quality of life in patients with advanced cancers. Various types of medications, including antidepressants, hormones, and cannabis derivatives have been tried with little effect. Treating the symptoms of incurable cancers........ Read more »
Strasser, F. (2006) Comparison of Orally Administered Cannabis Extract and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Treating Patients With Cancer-Related Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome: A Multicenter, Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial From the Cannabi. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 24(21), 3394-3400. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.1847
- November 4, 2010
- 12:04 AM
- 1,029 views
Why science reporters should do their homework
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
One of the most significant medical advancements of the last few decades has been the use of cholesterol-lowering medications called statins. These drugs, when used properly, have been shown over and over to lower the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and death. But like all drugs, they have many effects, both those we like (preventing [...]... Read more »
Rusanen, M., Kivipelto, M., Quesenberry, C., Zhou, J., & Whitmer, R. (2010) Heavy Smoking in Midlife and Long-term Risk of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia. Archives of Internal Medicine. DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.393
Quinn, J., Raman, R., Thomas, R., Yurko-Mauro, K., Nelson, E., Van Dyck, C., Galvin, J., Emond, J., Jack, C., Weiner, M.... (2010) Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer Disease: A Randomized Trial. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 304(17), 1903-1911. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.1510
Rea, T. (2005) Statin Use and the Risk of Incident Dementia: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Archives of Neurology, 62(7), 1047-1051. DOI: 10.1001/archneur.62.7.1047
Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA, Thijs L, Birkenhäger WH, Babarskiene MR, Babeanu S, Bossini A, Gil-Extremera B, Girerd X.... (1998) Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet, 352(9137), 1347-51. PMID: 9802273
- August 13, 2010
- 04:07 PM
- 963 views
To live deep and suck out all the marrow of life
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
There are few procedures in medicine more complex, dangerous, and remarkable than stem cell transplantation. This procedure has enabled us to successfully treat cancers that were previously uniformly fatal. For certain types of acute myeloid leukemia, for example, stem cell transplant increases 5-year survival from less than 15% to about 44%. But the full story [...]... Read more »
Hsieh, M., Kang, E., Fitzhugh, C., Link, M., Bolan, C., Kurlander, R., Childs, R., Rodgers, G., Powell, J., & Tisdale, J. (2009) Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Sickle Cell Disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 361(24), 2309-2317. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0904971
- December 15, 2010
- 07:42 PM
- 962 views
Stick a needle in your eye?
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
I was talking to a Reuters reporter the other day and learned of a new acupuncture study out of China, this one about amblyopia, or “lazy eye”. Amblyopia is a common and interesting visual problem. During development of the visual system if an eye is understimulated, the brain will not process data coming from [...]... Read more »
Zhao, J., Lam, D., Chen, L., Wang, Y., Zheng, C., Lin, Q., Rao, S., Fan, D., Zhang, M., Leung, P.... (2010) Randomized Controlled Trial of Patching vs Acupuncture for Anisometropic Amblyopia in Children Aged 7 to 12 Years. Archives of Ophthalmology, 128(12), 1510-1517. DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2010.306
- November 20, 2010
- 02:06 PM
- 945 views
Stroke prevention: a less bitter pill?
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
Stroke is one of the three most common causes of death in North America. A while back, we briefly discussed some of the causes of stroke, including a heart rhythm problem called atrial fibrillation (afib). Afib is a very common problem, affecting over 2 million North Americans. It becomes more common with age. In afib, [...]... Read more »
Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. (2006) ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice . Circulation, 114(7). DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.177292
Freeman JV, Zhu RP, Owens DK, Garber AM, Hutton DW, Go AS, Wang PJ, & Turakhia MP. (2010) Cost-Effectiveness of Dabigatran Compared With Warfarin for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation. Annals of internal medicine. PMID: 21041570
- August 24, 2010
- 03:33 PM
- 942 views
Every patient is an experiment
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
Mrs. Charbin’s blood pressure just kept going up. She felt fine—no chest pain, no shortness of breath, no headaches—but the numbers put her at risk. At 55, her risk of developing heart disease at some point in her life is high, and is made even higher by her hypertension. For each 20 mm Hg rise [...]... Read more »
Aram V. Chobanian, MD; George L. Bakris, MD; Henry R. Black, MD; William C. Cushman, MD; Lee A. Green, MD, MPH; Joseph L. Izzo, Jr, MD; Daniel W. Jones, MD; Barry J. Materson, MD, MBA; Suzanne Oparil, MD; Jackson T. Wright, Jr, MD, PhD; Edward J. Roccella. (2003) The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 Report--Correction. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 290(2), 197-197. DOI: 10.1001/jama.290.2.197
The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group, . (2002) Major Outcomes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Calcium Channel Blocker vs Diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(23), 2981-2997. DOI: 10.1001/jama.288.23.2981
- October 14, 2010
- 08:03 PM
- 896 views
Should I lick this?
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
When I lived in Northern California, I would often hear stories about people scouring the back country for psychedelic toads. In popular imagination, these toad wranglers would then gather around bonfires and with great ceremony and earnestness, they would lick hapless bufoids until they (the humans) fell into ecstatic trances—and then vomited profusely. These stories, [...]... Read more »
Roberts, B., Aronsohn, M., Moses, B., Burk, R., Toll, J., & Weeren, F. (2000) intoxication in dogs: 94 cases (1997–1998) . Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 216(12), 1941-1944. DOI: 10.2460/javma.2000.216.1941
Gowda, R. (2003) Toad venom poisoning: resemblance to digoxin toxicity and therapeutic implications. Heart, 89(4), 14-14. DOI: 10.1136/heart.89.4.e14
Chi, H., Hung, D., Hu, W., & Yang, D. (1998) Prognostic implications of hyperkalemia in toad toxin intoxication. Human , 17(6), 343-346. DOI: 10.1191/096032798678908800
- November 12, 2010
- 10:30 AM
- 855 views
Keeping ‘em alive
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
As I prepare to emerge from my self-imposed hiatus, I’ve decided to share some classic posts. Thanks for reading. –PalMD One of the frequent complaints I hear about real medicine is that it is dangerous. Of course, it’s true—so is riding in a train, but it sure beats walking. And that’s the danger of this [...]... Read more »
Peter Pronovost, M.D., Ph.D., Dale Needham, M.D., Ph.D., Sean Berenholtz, M.D., David Sinopoli, M.P.H., M.B.A., Haitao Chu, M.D., Ph.D., Sara Cosgrove, M.D., Bryan Sexton, Ph.D., Robert Hyzy, M.D., Robert Welsh, M.D., Gary Roth, M.D., Joseph Bander, M.D. (2006) An Intervention to Decrease Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in the ICU. New England Journal of Medicine, 355(26), 2725-2732.
- June 9, 2009
- 04:33 PM
- 836 views
What is disease? Diabetes, diagnosis, and real science
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
One of the concepts we often discuss around here is "what is disease?" As we've seen in the discussion of Lyme disease and so-called Morgellons syndrome, this is not always an easy question to answer. Knowing what states are disease states does not always yield a black-or-white answer. The first step is usually to define what a disease is. The next problem is to decide who in fact has that disease. The first question is hard enough, especially in disease states that we don't understand too ........ Read more »
The International Expert Committee. (2009) International Expert Committee Report on the Role of the A1C Assay in the Diagnosis of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. DOI: 10.2337/dc09-9033
- December 6, 2010
- 10:09 PM
- 831 views
Breathe deep?
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
Winter has come to the Great Lakes, no matter what the calendar says. This morning I walked out the door to take out the trash and the cold took my breath away. I warmed up the car while I had breakfast, perhaps not the most environmentally friendly practice, but… On my way to work, depending [...]... Read more »
Kumar, A., & Balkrishna, A. (2009) To study the effect of the sequence of seven pranayama by Swami Ramdev on gene expression in leukaemia patients and rapid interpretation of gene expression. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 62(11), 1052-1053. DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2008.061580
Raghuraj P, Nagarathna R, Nagendra HR, & Telles S. (1997) Pranayama increases grip strength without lateralized effects. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 41(2), 129-33. PMID: 9142556
Pramanik, T., Sharma, H., Mishra, S., Mishra, A., Prajapati, R., & Singh, S. (2009) Immediate Effect of Slow Pace on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate . The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(3), 293-295. DOI: 10.1089/acm.2008.0440
SINGH, V. (1990) Effect of yoga breathing exercises (pranayama) on airway reactivity in subjects with asthma. The Lancet, 335(8702), 1381-1383. DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91254-8
Cooper, S. (2003) Effect of two breathing exercises (Buteyko and pranayama) in asthma: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax, 58(8), 674-679. DOI: 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674
Bhargava R, Gogate MG, & Mascarenhas JF. (1988) Autonomic responses to breath holding and its variations following pranayama. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 32(4), 257-64. PMID: 3215678
Pratap V, Berrettini WH, & Smith C. (1978) Arterial blood gases in Pranayama practice. Perceptual and motor skills, 46(1), 171-4. PMID: 25412
KOCHUPILLAI, V. (2005) Effect of Rhythmic Breathing (Sudarshan Kriya and Pranayam) on Immune Functions and Tobacco Addiction. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1056(1), 242-252. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1352.039
- March 26, 2009
- 03:20 PM
- 821 views
The kindest cut?
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
The best way to prevent sexually transmitted infections is the proper use of condoms. That being said, it's not the only way to prevent STI's. Abstinence is one way, but it involves an amputation of sorts---the removal of a critical human behavior. Another amputation (of sorts) that prevents STIs is circumcision. Male circumcision has been found in several good studies to reduce the rate of HIV transmission, and now a study out of Uganda shows a significant decrease in rates of genital herpe........ Read more »
Aaron A.R. Tobian, M.D., Ph.D., David Serwadda, M.Med., M.P.H., Thomas C. Quinn, M.D., M.Sc., Godfrey Kigozi, M.B., Ch.B., M.P.H., Patti E. Gravitt, Ph.D., Oliver Laeyendecker, M.S., M.B.A., Blake Charvat, M.Sc., Victor Ssempijja, B.Stat., Melissa Riedese. (2009) Male Circumcision for the Prevention of HSV-2 and HPV Infections and Syphilis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 360(13), 1298-1309. DOI: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/360/13/1298
FINK, K., CARSON, C., & DEVELLIS, R. (2002) Adult Circumcision Outcomes Study: Effect on Erectile Function, Penile Sensitivity, Sexual Activity and Satisfaction. The Journal of Urology, 167(5), 2113-2116. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65098-7
- December 1, 2010
- 02:49 PM
- 778 views
HIV in America—where do we go from here?
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
The HIV pandemic in the US has developed a stable appearance over the last few years, and that appearance is notably non-white and non-wealthy. When the pandemic was discovered nearly thirty years ago, it was—in the US—primarily a disease of gay men. In Africa, the disease is everyone’s. Women make up significantly more than half [...]... Read more »
Jemmott, L., Jemmott, J., & O'Leary, A. (2007) Effects on Sexual Risk Behavior and STD Rate of Brief HIV/STD Prevention Interventions for African American Women in Primary Care Settings. American Journal of Public Health, 97(6), 1034-1040. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2003.020271
DiClemente RJ, Wingood GM, Harrington KF, Lang DL, Davies SL, Hook EW 3rd, Oh MK, Crosby RA, Hertzberg VS, Gordon AB.... (2004) Efficacy of an HIV prevention intervention for African American adolescent girls: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 292(2), 171-9. PMID: 15249566
Petroll, A., DiFranceisco, W., McAuliffe, T., Seal, D., Kelly, J., & Pinkerton, S. (2008) HIV Testing Rates, Testing Locations, and Healthcare Utilization among Urban African-American Men. Journal of Urban Health, 86(1), 119-131. DOI: 10.1007/s11524-008-9339-y
Bogart, L., Wagner, G., Galvan, F., & Banks, D. (2009) Conspiracy Beliefs About HIV Are Related to Antiretroviral Treatment Nonadherence Among African American Men With HIV. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 1. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181c57dbc
Romer, D., Sznitman, S., DiClemente, R., Salazar, L., Vanable, P., Carey, M., Hennessy, M., Brown, L., Valois, R., Stanton, B.... (2009) Mass Media as an HIV-Prevention Strategy: Using Culturally Sensitive Messages to Reduce HIV-Associated Sexual Behavior of At-Risk African American Youth. American Journal of Public Health, 99(12), 2150-2159. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.155036
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2010) Prevalence and awareness of HIV infection among men who have sex with men --- 21 cities, United States, 2008. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 59(37), 1201-7. PMID: 20864920
- May 1, 2011
- 11:59 AM
- 756 views
How much would you pay to see your doctor?
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
We pay far too much for health care in this country, spending ridiculous amounts and getting outcomes no better than countries that spend a fraction of what we do. But most efforts at reforming the system have been aimed not toward better, more cost-effective care. The last twenty years have seen all sorts of experiments [...]... Read more »
Alexander GC, Kurlander J, & Wynia MK. (2005) Physicians in retainer ("concierge") practice. A national survey of physician, patient, and practice characteristics. Journal of general internal medicine, 20(12), 1079-83. PMID: 16423094
- October 27, 2010
- 06:32 PM
- 752 views
Uncommon suffering
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
(I’m giving you fair warning: this is a long piece, but I’ve divided it up for you. Each part will do fine on its own, but of course I’d like you to read both. You’ll be a better person for it. –PalMD) Part I: Uncommon Sense Everything was OK until Christmas; before that she felt [...]... Read more »
Packer M, Carver JR, Rodeheffer RJ, Ivanhoe RJ, DiBianco R, Zeldis SM, Hendrix GH, Bommer WJ, Elkayam U, & Kukin ML. (1991) Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. The PROMISE Study Research Group. The New England journal of medicine, 325(21), 1468-75. PMID: 1944425
Fonarow, G., Abraham, W., Albert, N., Stough, W., Gheorghiade, M., Greenberg, B., O'Connor, C., Sun, J., Yancy, C., & Young, J. (2008) Influence of Beta-Blocker Continuation or Withdrawal on Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Heart FailureFindings From the OPTIMIZE-HF Program. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 52(3), 190-199. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.03.048
DOLL R, & HILL AB. (1950) Smoking and carcinoma of the lung; preliminary report. British medical journal, 2(4682), 739-48. PMID: 14772469
Aldington, S., Harwood, M., Cox, B., Weatherall, M., Beckert, L., Hansell, A., Pritchard, A., Robinson, G., Beasley, R., & , . (2008) Cannabis use and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study. European Respiratory Journal, 31(2), 280-286. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00065707
- October 7, 2010
- 04:39 PM
- 726 views
Do you have low T?
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
This post was originally published at Science-Based Medicine. If you google “low testosterone” you’ll see lots of ads for testosterone replacement. Some are from pharmaceutical companies that sell testosterone, others from obvious snake-oil salesmen. Both types of ads list vague sets of symptoms, encourage you to believe that they are pathologic, and want to sell [...]... Read more »
Corona, G., Mannucci, E., Ricca, V., Lotti, F., Boddi, V., Bandini, E., Balercia, G., Forti, G., & Maggi, M. (2009) The age-related decline of testosterone is associated with different specific symptoms and signs in patients with sexual dysfunction. International Journal of Andrology, 32(6), 720-728. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2009.00952.x
Spetz, A., Palmefors, L., Skobe, R., Str??mstedt, M., Fredriksson, M., Theodorsson, E., & Hammar, M. (2007) Testosterone correlated to symptoms of partial androgen deficiency in aging men (PADAM) in an elderly Swedish population. Menopause. DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318057786b
Allan, C., Forbes, E., Strauss, B., & McLachlan, R. (2008) Testosterone therapy increases sexual desire in ageing men with low–normal testosterone levels and symptoms of androgen deficiency. International Journal of Impotence Research, 20(4), 396-401. DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2008.22
Reyes-Vallejo, L., Lazarou, S., & Morgentaler, A. (2007) Subjective Sexual Response to Testosterone Replacement Therapy Based on Initial Serum Levels of Total Testosterone. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 4(6), 1757-1762. DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00381.x
Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, Matsumoto AM, Snyder PJ, Swerdloff RS, Montori VM, & Task Force, Endocrine Society. (2010) Testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 95(6), 2536-59. PMID: 20525905
Araujo, A., Esche, G., Kupelian, V., O'Donnell, A., Travison, T., Williams, R., Clark, R., & McKinlay, J. (2007) Prevalence of Symptomatic Androgen Deficiency in Men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology , 92(11), 4241-4247. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-1245
- July 14, 2011
- 08:26 PM
- 723 views
The "hCG diet": a fraud literally without substance
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
Back in the 1950s, a British endocrinologist named ATW Simeons had an idea: a human pregnancy hormone called hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) could help people lose weight without feeling hungry. His idea was to put obese patients on a 500 kcal a day diet (in contrast, you probably eat about that much or more at [...]... Read more »
Miller R, & Schneiderman LJ. (1977) A clinical study of the use of human chorionic gonadotrophin in weight reduction. The Journal of family practice, 4(3), 445-8. PMID: 321723
Young RL, Fuchs RJ, & Woltjen MJ. (1976) Chorionic gonadotropin in weight control. A double-blind crossover study. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 236(22), 2495-7. PMID: 792477
Bosch B, Venter I, Stewart RI, & Bertram SR. (1990) Human chorionic gonadotrophin and weight loss. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. South African medical journal , 77(4), 185-9. PMID: 2405506
Stein MR, Julis RE, Peck CC, Hinshaw W, Sawicki JE, & Deller JJ Jr. (1976) Ineffectiveness of human chorionic gonadotropin in weight reduction: a double-blind study. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 29(9), 940-8. PMID: 786001
Rabe T, Richter S, Kiesel L, & Runnebaum B. (1987) [Risk-benefit analysis of a hCG-500 kcal reducing diet (cura romana) in females]. Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 47(5), 297-307. PMID: 3609673
- January 28, 2009
- 03:51 PM
- 721 views
Acucebo
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
It's hard to hide severe back pain. When I stand up, I look like a question mark. The visibility of the problem, combined with the general goodness of my fellow human beings, leads to lots of unsolicited advice. Folks have given me great advice (take some NSAIDs, stretch, and don't lay in bed) and some questionable advice (go to the chiropractor, get some acupuncture). My colleagues and I have written a lot about acupuncture. It's sort of a "gateway CAM", in that it has a patina of plausibil........ Read more »
M. V. Madsen, P. C Gotzsche, & A. Hrobjartsson. (2009) Acupuncture treatment for pain: systematic review of randomised clinical trials with acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and no acupuncture groups. BMJ, 338(jan27 2). DOI: 10.1136/bmj.a3115
- February 2, 2009
- 07:15 PM
- 721 views
Keeping 'em alive
by PalMD in White Coat Underground
One of the frequent complaints I hear about real medicine is that it is dangerous. Of course, it's true---so is riding in a train, but it sure beats walking. And that's the danger of this particular fallacy---yes, medicine is a sharp tool, but it's also an effective tool, so we must use it properly. And this is where the tools of evidence- and science-based medicine can give us a hand.
The potential harms of modern medicine must be approached carefully. If they are ignored or approached in ........ Read more »
Peter Pronovost, M.D., Ph.D., Dale Needham, M.D., Ph.D., Sean Berenholtz, M.D., David Sinopoli, M.P.H., M.B.A., Haitao Chu, M.D., Ph.D., Sara Cosgrove, M.D., Bryan Sexton, Ph.D., Robert Hyzy, M.D., Robert Welsh, M.D., Gary Roth, M.D., Joseph Bander, M.D. (2006) An Intervention to Decrease Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in the ICU. New England Journal of Medicine, 355(26), 2725-2732.
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